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Contents |
[Deutsch] |
Technological Basics of multi-medial Information Systems |
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Module 0: Introduction |
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| 1 What is Multimedia? 15 2 Who needs „knowledge“ about Multimedia? Why? 17 3 What is Multimedia for? 19 4 Why Multimedia over the Internet? 21 |
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Module 1: Information and Communication |
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| 1 Information 26 1.1 Notations and Definitions 26 1.1.1 Signals 26 1.1.2 Data 27 1.1.3 Information 28 1.1.4 Knowledge 28 2 Information Theory 29 2.1 Information Content 30 2.1.1 Information Content of discrete characters with equal probability of appearance 30 2.1.2 Information Content of discrete characters with unequal probability of appearance 32 2.2 Entropy 33 2.3 Redundancy 33 2.4 Information Flow 34 2.5 Channel Capacity 35 2.6 Information Cuboid 36 3 Communication 37 3.1 Semiotics as Basis 38 3.2 Communication Processes 39 3.2.1 Three Levels of Communication 39 3.2.2 Axioms of Communication 40 3.3 Types of Communication 42 3.3.1 Human-Human Communication 42 3.3.2 Human-Machine-Human Communication 43 3.3.3 Human-Machine Communication 44 3.3.4 Machine-Machine Communication 45 4 Module Summary 45 5 Module Supplement 46 5.1 Literature 46 5.1.1 Books 46 5.1.2 Articles 47 5.1.3 Books in German 47 5.1.4 Articles in German 48 5.1.5 Journals 48 5.2 Internet Links: 49 5.3 Test Questions 50 5.4 Answers 51 5.5 Timeline: Information and Communication 52 |
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Module 2: Signals and Coding |
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| 1 Signals 56 1.1 Types of Signals 57 1.1.1 Value Continuous Signals and Time Continuous Signals 57 1.1.2 Value Discrete Signals and Time Continuous Signals 59 1.1.3 Value Continuous Signals and Time Discrete Signals 60 1.1.4 Value Discrete Signals and Time Discrete Signals 61 1.2 Digital Signal Processing 61 1.3 Sampling and Quantization 62 1.3.1 Sampling Theorem 62 1.3.2 Aliasing 63 1.3.3 Quantization Noise 63 2 Coding 64 3 Module Summary 65 4 Module Supplement 66 4.1 Literature 66 4.1.1 Books 66 4.1.2 Articles 66 4.1.3 Books in German 66 4.1.4 Articles in German 67 4.1.5 Journals 67 4.2 Internet Links: 67 4.3 Test Questions 68 4.4 Timeline: Signals and Coding 70 |
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Module 3: Audio |
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| 1 Fundamentals of Audio 74 1.1 From Acoustics to Audio Technology 74 1.2 Psycho physics 75 1.2.1 Weber’s Law 76 1.2.2 Fechner’s Law 76 1.2.3 Stevens’ Law 77 1.3 Fundamentals of Audio Engineering 78 1.3.1 Tone 78 1.3.2 Sound79 1.3.3 Score 79 2 Our Ear as Acoustic Sensor 80 2.1 The Ear and Sense of Hearing 80 2.2 Psycho physics of Hearing 81 2.3 Subjectivity and Selectivity of 2 Perception 81 2.3.1 Sound Frequency (Pitch) 82 2.3.2 Sound Intensity (Loudness) 83 2.3.3 Sound Direction (Localization and Distance) 84 2.3.4 Timbre of Sound and Harmonics 84 3 Human Speech 85 3.1 Fundamentals 85 3.2 Voice Output 86 3.3 Voice Recognition 89 4 Digital Audio 92 4.1 Raw Sound Data 92 4.2 PCM of Digital Audio 93 4.3 ADPCM of Digital Audio 94 4.4 GSM Standard 96 4.5 m-Law Coding 98 5 Audio File Formats 100 5.1 Overview 100 5.2 Wavelet (WAV) Files 101 5.3 MIDI File Format 102 5.3.1 Overview 102 5.3.2 Technological Basics of MIDI 103 5.3.3 Advantages of MIDI 103 5.3.4 Disadvantages of MIDI 104 5.4 AU Files 104 5.5 MPEG 105 5.5.1 MPEG 1 for Audio 105 5.5.2 Principle of MPEG-Audio Coding 106 5.6 MP 3 107 6 Human-Computer Interfaces 109 6.1 Loudspeakers 109 6.1.1 Architecture and Function 109 6.1.2 Criterions of Loudspeakers 110 6.2 Microphones 111 6.2.1 Criteria of Microphones 112 6.3 Soundcards 113 6.3.1 Criterions of a Soundcard 113 6.3.2 Anatomy of a Soundcard 114 7 Module Summary 115 8 Module Supplement 116 8.1 Literature 116 8.1.1 Books 116 8.1.2 Articles 116 8.1.3 Books in German 117 8.1.4 Articles in German 117 8.1.5 Journals 118 8.2 Internet Links 118 8.3 Test Questions 119 8.4 Timeline: Audio technology 121 |
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Module 4: Graphics |
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| 1 The Eye as Image Sensor 126 1.1 Eye and Seeing 126 1.2 Image Generation 127 1.3 Sight 128 1.4 Color Sight 129 1.4.1 Concepts of Color 129 1.4.2 Dimensions of Color Perception 130 2 Image and Graphics 132 2.1 Types of Images 132 2.2 Color Depth 133 2.3 Color Models 134 2.3.1 Physically Technologically Models of Color 135 2.3.2 Perception oriented Models of Color 138 2.4 Indication and Dithering 140 2.5 Resolution of Bitmap Images 141 2.6 Image size 142 3 Image File Formats 142 3.1 Vector graphics 142 3.1.1 PostScript, Encapsulated PostScript 143 3.1.2 DXF 145 3.2 Bitmaps 146 3.2.1 BMP 147 3.2.2 MAC 149 3.2.3 RAS 150 3.2.4 TIFF 151 3.3 Metafiles 153 3.3.1 WMF 153 3.3.2 CGM Format 154 3.3.3 PICT 155 4 Concept Compression 156 4.1 Lossless Processes 157 4.1.1 RLE 157 4.1.2 LZW 157 4.1.3 Huffman Coding 158 4.2 Lossy Processes 158 4.2.1 JPEG 158 4.2.2 Fractal Compression 160 4.2.3 Wavelet Compression 160 4.3 Compressed Formats 161 4.3.1 JPEG 161 4.3.2 GIF 163 4.3.3 PNG 166 5 Human-Computer Interfaces 167 5.1 Monitors 167 5.1.1 Standard Monitors 167 5.1.2 Alternative Monitor Technologies 168 5.1.3 Criterions of Monitors 169 5.2 Graphic Cards 170 5.2.1 Criterions of a Graphic Card 171 5.2.2 Graphic Standards 172 5.2.3 Anatomy of a Graphic Card 173 6 Module Summary 7 Module Supplement 175 7.1 Literature 175 7.1.1 Books 175 7.1.2 Articles 175 7.1.3 Books in German 175 7.1.4 Articles in German 176 7.1.5 Journals 176 7.2 Internet Links 177 7.3 Test Questions 177 7.4 Answers 178 7.5 Timeline: Graphics 179 |
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Module 5: Video |
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| 1 Fundamentals of Video 184 1.1 Analogue Recording Formats 185 1.2 Digital Recording Formats 186 1.3 Transmission Standards 187 1.4 Video Signals 188 1.4.1 Composite, FBAS 188 1.4.2 Y/C, S-Video 188 1.4.3 YUV 188 1.4.4 RGB 188 1.5 Codecs 188 1.6 Digital Video 190 2 Video Formats 192 2.1 MPEG 192 2.1.1 M-JPEG 192 2.1.2 MPEG-1 192 2.1.3 MPEG-2 193 2.2 MHEG 193 2.3 AVI 196 2.4 QuickTime 197 3 Video Storage Medium DVD 198 4 Module Summary 199 5 Module Supplement 200 5.1 Literature 200 5.1.1 Books 200 5.1.2 Articles 200 5.1.3 Books in German 201 5.1.4 Articles in German 201 5.1.5 Journals 201 5.2 Internet Links 202 5.3 Test Questions 202 5.4 Answers 203 5.5 Timeline: Video 20 |
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Module 6: Multimedia via Internet |
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| 1 Fundamentals of the Internet 208 1.1 Origin of the Internet and WWW 208 1.2 Network Layer Model 210 1.3 Network components of the Internet 212 1.4 Peer-to-Peer and Client-Server Architecture 218 1.5 Services 219 1.6 The Domain Concept in the Internet 219 1.7 Protocols 221 2 Multimedia in the WWW 228 2.1 Bandwidth Problem 228 2.2 Broadband technologies 230 2.2.1 xDSL - ADSL 230 2.2.2 Cable TV 231 2.2.3 Powerline 231 2.2.4 ATM 232 2.2.5 Terrestrial Microwave Links 233 2.2.6 Mobile Radio 233 2.2.7 Satellite Links 234 2.3 Text in the Web 235 2.4 Audio in the Web 236 2.4.1 RealAudio 237 2.4.2 MP 3 237 2.5 Graphics in the Web 238 2.6 Video in the Web 240 2.6.1 Video Streaming 240 2.6.2 RealVideo 240 2.6.3 MPEG 4 241 2.6.4 SMIL 241 2.7 Virtual Reality in the Web: VRML 242 2.8 Interaction in the Web 243 3 Module Summary 247 4 Module Supplement 248 4.1 Literature 248 4.1.1 Books 248 4.1.2 Articles 248 4.1.3 Books in German 249 4.1.4 Articles in German 249 4.1.5 Journals 250 4.2 Internet Links: 250 4.3 Test Questions 251 4.4 Answers 252 4.5 Timeline: Internet 253 Keyword Index 255 |
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