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Contents |
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Developmental Basics of multi-medial Information Systems |
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Module 0: Introduction |
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| 1 What is Multimedia? 15 2 Who needs „knowledge“ about Multimedia Design? Why? 17 3 What is Multimedia Design for ? 19 4 Why Multimedia over the Internet? 21 |
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Module 1: Software Engineering and Project Management |
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| 1 Software Development Processes 26 1.1 Overview 26 1.2 Procedure Models and Process Models 28 1.2.1 Classical Waterfall Model 28 1.2.2 V-Model 32 1.2.3 Helical Procedures 33 1.3 Modeling Notations 34 1.3.1 Pseudo Code Notation 34 1.3.2 Flowchart 34 1.3.3 Structogram 35 1.3.4 Jackson Diagrams 36 1.3.5 Unified Modeling Language 36 1.4 Implementation Resources 38 1.4.1 Implementation Languages 38 1.4.1.1 HTML, XML and SGML 38 1.4.1.2 DHTML 40 1.4.1.3 VRML 40 1.4.1.4 Java 43 1.4.1.5 Java Script 44 1.4.1.6 PERL 44 1.4.2 Implementation Tools 45 1.4.2.1 Frame based Authoring Systems 50 1.4.2.2 Timeline based Authoring Systems 54 1.4.2.3 Flowchart based Authoring Systems 57 1.4.2.4 Electronic Online Publication 59 1.4.3 Toolkits 60 1.4.4 Interface Builder 61 1.4.5 User Interface Management Systems 62 2 Project Management 63 3 Quality Assurance 67 4 Module Summary 69 5 Module Supplement 70 5.1 Literature 70 5.1.1 Books 70 5.1.2 Articles 71 5.1.3 Books in German 71 5.1.4 Articles in German 72 5.1.5 Journals 73 5.2 Internet Links 73 5.3 Test Questions 74 5.4 Answers 75 5.5 Timeline: Software Engineering 76 |
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Module 2: Usability and Software Ergonomy |
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| 1 Human-Computer Interaction 80 1.1 Communication structures 80 1.2 Comparison Human-Computer 80 1.3 Human and Usability 81 1.4 Human and Software Ergonomy 82 1.5 Criterions for Usability 84 1.6 Guidelines and Standards 85 1.7 Rules of Software Ergonomy 86 2 Optimizing of Human Work 87 2.1 The User Interface 87 2.2 Navigation 89 2.3 User Dialogue Design 91 2.4 Rules from Shneiderman 93 2.5 Menu Design 93 2.6 Rules for Mask Design 96 2.7 Common Rules 97 3 Module Summary 98 4 Module Supplement 99 4.1 Literature 99 4.1.1 Books 99 4.1.2 Articles 99 4.1.3 Books in German 100 4.1.4 Articles in German 100 4.1.5 Journals 101 4.2 Internet Links 102 4.3 Test Questions 102 4.4 Answers 103 4.5 Timeline: Usability and Software Ergonomy 104 |
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Module 3: Typography and Graphics Design |
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| 1 Typography 108 1.1 Readability of Text 108 1.2 Technical Parameters 113 1.2.1 Fonts 113 1.2.2 Font shape 114 1.2.3 Character spacing 114 1.2.4 Font Size 115 1.2.5 Small Caps 118 1.2.6 Kerning 118 1.2.7 Breaks 118 1.2.8 Type Area 119 2 Gestalt Psychology 120 2.1 Gestalt Laws 120 2.1.1 Praegnanz Principle 120 2.1.2 Closeness 121 2.1.3 Unity 121 2.1.4 Similarity 122 2.1.5 Continuity 122 2.1.6 Symmetry 122 2.1.7 Experience 122 3 Colour 123 3.1 Effect of Colours 123 3.2 Strategies for Colour Design 125 3.3 Types and Colours 127 4 Graphics Design 128 4.1 Graphical Language 128 4.2 Graphical Formats 129 4.3 Visualisization 129 4.3.1 Efficient Visualization 130 4.3.2 Visualisization and Perception 130 4.4 Graphical Presentation of Data 131 4.4.1 Diagrams 131 4.4.2 Pictograms 132 4.4.3 Icons 132 4.4.4 Visualisization Tools 133 4.5 Movement 134 4.6 Spatial Graphics 136 5 Module Summary 138 6 Module Supplement 139 6.1 Literature 139 6.1.1 Books 139 6.1.2 Articles 140 6.1.3 Books in German 140 6.1.4 Articles in German 141 6.1.5 Journals 141 6.2 Internet Links 141 6.3 Test Questions 142 6.4 Answers 143 6.5 Timeline: Typography and Graphics Design 144 |
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Module 4: Audio Design |
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| 1 Sound Effects 148 1.1 Overview 148 1.2 Manipulation through Audio 149 1.3 Importance of Audio Design 151 1.4 Types of Sound 151 1.4.1 Noise, Atmos and SFX (Special Effects) 152 2 Music 154 2.1 Fundamentals 155 2.1.1 Importance for Multimedia 155 2.1.2 Requirements 155 2.1.3 Music Selection 156 2.2 Dramaturgy 156 2.2.1 Aims 156 2.2.2 Traditional Media 156 2.2.3 Non-Linearity of the New Media 157 2.2.4 Explorative Environments 159 2.3 Audio Design Concepts 161 2.3.1 Navigation Sounds 161 2.3.2 Sounds during Loading 164 2.3.3 Random Sounds 165 3 Speech 169 3.1 Language as Communication 169 3.2 Speech Design 170 4 Module Summary 175 5 Module Supplement 176 5.1 Literature 176 5.1.1 Books 176 5.1.2 Articles 177 5.1.3 Books in German 177 5.1.4 Articles in German 177 5.1.5 Journals 178 5.2 Internet Links 178 5.3 Test Questions 178 5.4 Answers 179 5.5 Timeline: Audio Design 180 |
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Module 5: Interaction and Communication |
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| 1 Types of Interactions 184 1.1 Fundamentals 184 1.2 Interaction Methods 185 1.3 WYSIWYG Principle 187 1.4 Interaction and Reaction Time 188 1.5 Output Devices 189 1.6 Input Devices 190 1.7 New Types of Interactions 192 1.7.1 Speech based Interaction 192 1.7.2 Gesture based Interaction 193 1.7.3 Virtual Reality 194 1.8 Types of Software Interaction 197 1.8.1 Interaction Components 198 1.8.2 Buttons 198 1.8.3 Slide controls and Scrollbars 199 1.8.4 Text Arrays 199 1.8.5 Menus 199 1.8.6 Scrollable Selection Lists 200 1.8.7 Dialog Boxes 200 1.8.8 Direct Manipulation 200 2 Adaptive Systems 202 2.1 Adaptivity 202 2.2 Use of adaptive Systems 203 2.3 Components of adaptive Systems 205 2.4 Decision Models 205 2.5 Adaptive Methods 206 2.6 Design of adaptive Learning Systems 206 3 Agent Systems 208 4 Module Summary 215 5 Module Supplement 216 5.1 Literature 216 5.1.1 Books 216 5.1.2 Articles 216 5.1.3 Books in German 216 5.1.4 Articles in German 217 5.1.5 Journals 217 5.2 Internet Links 218 5.3 Test Questions 218 5.4 Answers 219 5.5 Timeline: Interaction 220 |
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Module 6: Evaluation of Software |
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| 1 Fundamentals 224 1.1 Definition of Evaluation 224 1.2 Types of Evaluation 224 1.3 Methods of Software Evaluation 225 1.4 Scales 226 1.5 Interpretation of Measurement Data 227 2 Checklists 227 2.1 Overview 227 2.2 Evaluation Processes 228 2.3 Checklist for Multimedia 229 3 Explanation of the Checklist 231 3.1 Common Description 231 3.1.1 A01 Target Group 232 3.1.2 A02 Price Value Ratio 232 3.1.3 Technological Background 233 3.1.4 T01 Loading Times 233 3.2 HCI Aspects 234 3.2.1 H01 Screen Division 234 3.2.2 H02 Screen Design 234 3.2.3 H03 Colours 235 3.2.4 H04 Brightness 236 3.2.5 H05 Form Constancy 236 3.2.6 H06 Usability 236 3.2.7 H08 Font Size 237 3.2.8 H09 Text Readability 237 3.2.9 H10 Symbol Recognition 237 3.3 Multimedial Background 238 3.3.1 M01 Quality of Graphics 238 3.3.2 M02 Quality of Sound 238 3.3.3 M03 Quality of Speech 239 3.3.4 M04 Quality of Animations 239 3.3.5 M05 Quality of Videos 239 3.3.6 M06 Quality of Interactivity 239 3.4 Didactics and Psychology of Learning 240 3.4.1 L01 Motivation 240 3.4.2 L02 Arousal 240 3.4.3 L03 Efficiency of Learning 241 3.4.4 L04 Atmosphere of Learning 241 3.4.5 L05 Intensity of Learning 242 3.4.6 L06 Curiosity 242 3.4.7 L07 Surprise Effects 242 3.4.8 L08 Humour 242 3.4.9 L09 Anticipation 243 3.4.10 L10 Creativity 243 3.4.11 L11 Level of Difficulty 243 3.4.12 L12 Feedback 243 3.4.13 L13 Objectives Clearness 244 3.4.14 L14 Objectives Reachability 244 3.4.15 L15 Exercises 244 3.4.16 L16 Variety 244 3.4.17 What else has to be taken into consideration? 245 3.5 Background in Cognition 245 3.5.1 K01 Knowledge Transfer 245 3.5.2 K02 Incidental Learning 246 3.5.3 K03 Problem Solving Competence 246 3.5.4 Total Judgement 246 4 Module Summary 247 5 Module Supplement 248 5.1 Literature 248 5.1.1 Books 248 5.1.2 Articles 248 5.1.3 Books in German 249 5.1.4 Articles in German 249 5.1.5 Journals 250 5.2 Internet Links 250 5.3 Test Questions 250 5.4 Answers 251 5.5 Timeline: Evaluation 252 Index 253 |
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